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Microeconomics
Financial mathematics: together of computational tools for modeling and the decision-making aid used in the various branches of finance, in particular calculations on interest rates and instruments financial. Choice of investment: criteria and methods to select investments according to their estimated profitability or of their creation of value. Financial evaluation: estimate of the value of the credits, that those are financial (actions, obligations, options, to see financial credit), or of the companies (see evaluation of company) or real goods. Financial policy: choice of the financings of the companies, with an aim of optimizing their Weighted average costs of capital (CMPC). The distribution between the financing by Stockholders equity and debts, the policy of dividend are key questions of the financial policy.Modern theory of the wallet: optimization of the distribution of the credits by diversification. Initially developed for the financial markets, this discipline is also used with the field of finance as company. More generally, one speaks about risk management. Behavioral finance: identification of the individual and collective psychological factors intervening in the financial decisions and their effects on the pricing of the rates and the financial outputs.

Macroeconomics
Monetary policy and international Public finance: meeting macroeconomic aims, the monetary policy is followed by the central banks, with interactions with the international official organizations (the IMF, the World Bank, Banque of the international payments, EIB, BERD). The financial intermediaries are the organizations whose vocation is to facilitate the bringing together between supply and of financial products. They are also distinguished by nature from the products which they are capable to negotiate: financial and administrative advisers of fortune, insurance companies with their wallet of policy-holders, the banks which recycle the deposits and the saving, loan societies, the organized markets (purses) where various negotiable financial credits are exchanged, investment trust, pension funds and institutions various, securities house. All the economic agents have vocation practically permanently to resort to the means offered by finance. The State and communities to ensure balance between their expenditure and their receipts. Same financial institutions they which must adjust their resources and their employment. They intervene for their own need on the financial markets. A particular class of financial institutions is consisted the authorities of national and international regulations like by the credit rating agencies. The financial markets are indeed marked by episodes of exuberant growth and severe depression which pose the problem always renewed of their regulation. The end users of finance can be: households with their saving, and also their loans, the institutions which need money or insurances against their risks.

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